TDP (General) 2nd Semester Exam., 2022
FOUNDATION - II
Indian Heritage and Culture
1. Name two sites of Indus Valley Civilization located in India.
Ans: Two Indus Valley sites located in India is Lothal in Gujrat, Kalibangan in Rajastan and Banawali in Haryana.
2. Give two reasons for the decline of Indus Valley Civilization.
Ans: Two reasons for the decline of Indus Valley civilization are as a) Flood on Indus b) Deforestation, c) Foreign Invasion/ Aryan Invasion.
3. Mention two differences between Indus Valley Civilization and Vedic Civilization.
Ans: The differences between Indus Valley Civilization and Vedic Civilization is a) The Harappan civilization was urban in nature; Vedic culture was rural and pastoral. B) The Indus Valley civilization was a Bronze Age civilization on the other hand Vedic Civilization was an iron based civilization.
4. Name two architectural monuments built by Shah Jahan.
Ans: The monuments built by Shahjahan are: i) Taj Mahal, Agra ii) Red Fort (Lal Quila), Delhi iii) Jama Masjid, Delhi iv) Agra Fort, Agra v) Jama Masjid, Agra.
5. Name two temples which represent Pallava art and architecture.
Ans: Best temple art and architecture represent Pallava art and architecture is the Kailasanathar Temple at Kanchipuram, the Shore Temple and the Pancha Rathas of Mahabalipuram.
6. Name two architectures built in the Mauryan Period.
Ans: The Great Stupa at Sanchi, The Amravati stupa, Gaya and the Nagarjuni hill caves, the Sudama caves, etc.
7. Name the authors of the books, Chaitanya Charitamrita and Raghuvamsa.
Ans: Chaitanya Charitamrita was written by Krishnadasa Kavirajain c. 1557 and Raghuvamsha, of two great court epics written in Sanskrit by Kalidasa about the 5th century CE.
8. When was Sangam literature composed and in which language was it composed?
Ans: Sangam literature is believed to be compiled between 400 BC and 300 BC composed in Tamil Language.
9. During whose reign did the Sanskrit literary genius Kalidasa live? Name one of his literary works.
Ans: Kalidasa was a court poet of a king named Vikramaditya(Chandragupta-II). He composed Kumārasambhavam, Abhijñānaśākuntalam, Raghuvaṃśa, Meghadūta, Vikramōrvaśīyam and many more.
10. Name two scholarly women of ancient India.
Ans: Gargi and Maitreyi are two scholarly women of ancient India.
11. Mention two principles of Buddhism.
Ans: The main principles of Buddhism are the teachings in the form of Three Jewels, ‘The Noble Eightfold Path’, ‘The Four Noble Truths’, ‘The Five Precepts’, ‘The Three Marks of Conditioned Existence’ and ‘Vegetarianism.’
12. Name the first and the last Tirthankaras of Jainism.
Ans: Rishabhanatha, is the first Tirthankar and Mahavira was the last Tirthankar.
13. During whose reign and where did the Third and the Fourth Buddhist Council take place?
Ans: Third Buddhist Council was held in 250 BC at Pataliputra under the patronage of King Asoka. And the fourth Buddhist council was held in 72 AD at Kundalvana, Kashmir.
14. Name two Bhakti Saints of India.
Ans: Two Bhakti saint of India is Kabir, Guru Nanak, Adi Sankarachaya etc.
15. Which Sufi Saints introduced Chishti and Suhrawardi orders in India?
Ans: Khwaja Muinuddin Chishti introduced the Chishti Order and suharabardi order was founded by Abu al-Najib Suhrawardi.
16. In which year was the Widow Remarriage Act passed? Which social reformer’s name deserves special mention for Widow Remarriage Act?
Ans: The Hindu Widows' Remarriage Act 1856, also Act XV, 1856, passed on 16 July 1856. Iswar Chandra Bidyasagar deserves special mention in these regards.
17. Which social reformer founded the Atmiya Sabha and in which year?
Ans: In 1814, Raja Ram Mohan Roy formed Atmiya Sabha.
18. Who founded Prarthana Samaj and in which year?
Ans: The Prarthana Samaj, a leading society for socio-religious reform was established on 31 March 1867 in Bombay by Atmaram Panduranga.
19. Who founded the All India Depressed Classes Federation and in which year?
Ans: Ambedkar. Dr B.R. Ambedkar established the All India depressed classes association to make sure that fair representation was given to the Scheduled Castes in the decision making bodies of India. This association was established in 1930.
20. In which Congress Session decision to start Civil Disobedience movement was taken? Who gave leadership to the movement?
Ans: Lahore Session (December 1929) under the presidentship of Jawaharlal Nehru congress decided to launch Civil Dis obedience movement. Mahatma Gandhi assumes the leadership of that movement.
